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3D Printing: Glossary Source: http://www.reprap.org/wiki/Glossary http://wiki.solidoodle.com/glossary ABS Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene. A thermoplasticused as a 3D printer material. Often ABS is used as a short form, actually referringto filament made of ABS. Bed The build plate of the 3D printer on whichparts are actually made. CAD Computer-Aided Design: software for 2D and3D modeling. Carriage The moving middle assembly on the x-axis of Mendel which holds the extruder. Often referred to as: x-carriage. Extrude The act of placing the build material on thebuild platform, normally by heating thermoplastic to a liquid state and pushingit through a small nozzle. Extruder A group of parts which handles feeding and extruding of the build material. Consists of two assemblies: a cold end to pull and feed the thermoplasticfrom the spool, and a hot end that melts and extrudes the thermoplastic. FDM Fused deposition method; same as FFF. FFF Fused filament fabrication. Where a droplet of one material (plastic, wax, metal, etc. ) is deposited on top of or alongside the samematerial making a joint (by heat or adhesion)。 Filament Two uses: Plastic material made into (often3mm) string to be used as raw material in 3D printers. Extruded plastic (often < 1mm) G-code The information sent over the wire from aPC to most computer numerical control (CNC) machines –including most 3D printers– is in G-code. While in principle a human could directly type G-code commands to a 3D printer, most people prefer to use one ofthe many CAM Toolchains that reads a STL file andsends lines of G-code over the wire to the machine. Some researchers are developingalternatives to G-code. Heated Bed A build surface that is warmed in order tokeep the base of an extruded part from cooling (and shrinking) too quickly. Such shrinkingleads to warping internal stresses in printed parts. The most common result is corners of parts lifting off the build surface. Heatedbeds usually yield higher quality finished builds. Hot End The parts of the extruder that get hot enough to melt plastic, or potentially other materials. Hot end parts use materials that can stand up to ~240 C heat (for current thermoplastic extrusion). The hot endusually refers to the tip of the extruder as it should be hottest there. Infill This is the inside of the printedpart. Infill can be made is variouspatterns, and generally saves you money on filament vs. a solidpart. Infill Ratio The ratio of solid material to infill. Thiswill decide how "solid" your part is. Kapton tape Heat-resistant polyamide adhesive tape. Used to secure the heating element to the extruder barrel. It can also be used on thesurface of a heated bed. .OBJ A geometry definition simple data-formatthat represents 3D geometry alone. Parametric (Adjective) Adjustable in all dimensions.A parametric model is onethat can be resized and or distorted to suit the user's needs.In CAD software, If a widget has a 1 cm hole in it, you can select that hole and make it a 5 mm hole with a few clicks, as opposed to a triangular mesh (see entry on .STL), which is more difficult to adjust. The native format of several useful software packages can storeparametric models. PLA Polylactic acid. A biodegradable thermoplastic polymer used as a 3D printer material. Often PLA is used as a short form, actuallyreferring to filament made of PLA. Raft A technique used to prevent warping. Parts are built on top of a 'raft' of disposable material instead of directly on the build surface. The raft is larger than the part and so has more adhesion. Rarely used with heatedbuild surfaces. RP Rapid prototyping. Creating an object in a matter of hours on a "3D printer" as opposed to sending out a job to a modeling shopthat can take days or weeks. RepRap A RepRap machine is a rapid prototyping machine that can manufacture a significant fraction of its own parts. The RepRap project is a quest to make a desktop-sized RepRap machine. Slicing The process that converts 3D models into a format understood by 3Dprinters. The model is "sliced" into layers which canbe placed by the extruder. SLS (Selective Laser Sintering) Additive manufacturing process, which fuses photosensitive powder materials by a laser to form a solid object. It offers a widerange of print materials. Stepper Motor Motors which operate only indiscrete increments of rotation. This is the type of motor most commonly used in low-cost 3D printers. .STL (Stereo Lithographic) A recommended file format used to describe 3D objects. A design(CAD) program can produce an STL file which can then be fedto a 3D printer or 3D rendering graphics package.
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