【3d打印软件技术】Skeinforge演算引擎使用说明（以ReplicatorG与MakerWare介面為例）

Skeinforge演算引擎使用说明（以ReplicatorG与MakerWare介面為例）
原文出处：http://www.makerbot.com/support/ ... ntation/skeinforge/
Skeinforge演算引擎使用说明（以ReplicatorG与MakerWare介面為例）
INTRO TO ReplicatorG／SKEINFORGE


ReplicatorG 是一套开放源码程式，辅助建立机器在3D列印时所需的资料
故障排除指南以及本页的内容，将引导你如何正确的使用这个软体

关於 Skeinforge 切片引擎
Skeinforge 是您在使用 MakerWare 和 ReplicatorG 时可选择的切片引擎之一。它会读取你的设定，将你的3D模型转化成MakerBot机器可以读取的路径（toolpath）。这些转译成GCode的路径，在送进机器前还会被转换成.s3g或是.x3g的格式；在MakerWare或是ReplicatorG裡，你可以设定每一层要列印的厚度（layer height）以及喷头的温度（extrusion temperature），但是在Skeinforge裡头所包含的设定选项可是远超过前面的两套软体，只要打开Skeinforge的操作介面，你就可以编辑其中的每一个参数。Skeinforge是真的有点复杂，也可以狠轻易的让你搞混，但是只要搞清楚裡面的几项参数，它绝对可以让你的印表机喷出狠酷的玩意！

透过 ReplicatorG 来编辑 Skeinforge 设定档
要透过 ReplicatorG 来开啟 Skeinforge，依照下面的步骤.....

step_01　选择［GCode］＞［Edit Slicing Profiles］

step_02　如果你想要编辑适合自己机器的操作档案
建议先复製原本的设定档［Duplicate...］
之后跳出的视窗可以為你的个人设定档命名

step_03　或是直接选择预设的设定
［Replicator slicing defaults］＞［Edit］

step_04　Skeinforge设定视窗自动开啟的画面
可以自由调整内部的相关参数


step_05　［Craft］页面内的相关设定将会直接影响GCode的生成
不同的设定将会產生截然不同的列印品质


step_06　设定好所有参数之后，按下［Save All］才会存档

透过 MakerWare 来编辑 Skeinforge 设定档
如果是透过 MakerWare 来开啟 Skeinforge，依照下面的步骤.....

step_07　按下［Make It］＞［Advanced Options］＞［Create Profile］

step_08　在［Name］命名新的设定档，之后按下［Create］

step_09　按下［Edit Profile］之后就可以针对参数做调整、编辑


step_10　MakerWare 软体中开啟的 Skeinforge 编辑画面

MakerBot Slicer 参数说明
"infillDensity"　Decimal, [0.0, 1.0].
这个参数控制填充（infill）的密度，数值介於 0 和 1 之间；0 代表中空然后 1 代表实心。（必须是大於零／小於一的小数）
This setting determines the solidity of infill, and must be have a value between 0 and 1. A setting of 0 results in a hollow object and a setting of 1 results in a solid one.

"numberOfShells"　Integer, [1, infinity]
这个参数控制的是薄壳的层数（必须是整数），喷完之后喷头才会进行填充＞然后跳下一个图层。每增加一个薄壳，它就会以些许的位移往内插入，在前一个薄壳路径的旁边。如果软体侦测到模型没有足够的空间来列印设定的薄壳层数，那软体会尽可能的喷出这些薄壳，直到不能喷為止。
The number of shells is the number of outlines printed before the extruder moves on to infill or to the next layer. Each additional shell after the first one is slightly inset from the previous shell. If any part of your model doesn1t have room for the number of shells you1ve specified, the slicer will print as many shells as do fit.

"insetDistanceMultiplier"　Multiplier of layer width.
这个参数主要定义每一连续薄壳的间格。数字代表的是挤出的宽度的倍数；当设定的数值小於一时，代表著喷头向内的偏移与重叠，大於一代表著列印的薄壳之间将存在著缝隙。通常最佳的设定是让薄壳之间有非常细微程度的重叠。
This defines the space between each pair of adjacent shells. The number is a multiplier of the extrusion width. Set this under 1 to have the insets overlap, and over one for gaps between the insets. In general, it1s best to have the insets overlap slightly.

"infillShellSpacingMultiplier"　Decimal, [0.0,1.0].
这个参数定义了最内侧的薄壳与填充的最外侧部分。数值介於 0 和 1 之间（必须是大於零／小於一的小数） ，输入 0 代表两者是完全重叠，输入 1 则是代表两个物件只是相互接触的状态。
This defines the overlap between the innermost shell and the outer border of the infill. A value of 0.0 will result in lines of infill that completely overlap the innermost shell. A value of 1.0 will result in lines of infill that just touch the innermost shell.

"roofThickness" / "floorThickness"　Millimeters.
顶板厚度和底板厚度的设定，决定了两者的厚度（单位是mm），当这些数值被设定时，两者的参数是独立於其他设定的（包含每一层的厚度与切层的数量）。
roofThickness and floorThickness set the thickness of the roof and floor in millimeters. When these settings are used, roof and floor thickness are independent of layer height and number of layers.

"roofLayerCount" / "floorLayerCount"　Integer, [0, infinity]
在参数后增加或移除＂_disabled＂这个字串，来取消或允许这些设定。当允许设定时，这些特别指定的数值将会强制覆盖［roofThickness］与［floorThickness］的设定。
Disable or enable these settings by adding or removing "_disabled" to or from the ends of the setting names. When enabled, these settings override the roofThickness and floorThickness settings and set roof and floor thickness to specific numbers of layers.

"layerWidthRatio"　Decimal, ratio.
这个参数定义了挤出宽度的比例。
This defines the ratio of extrusion width over layer height.

"layerWidthMinimum" / "layerWidthMaximum"　Millimeters
［layerWidthMinimum］和［layerWidthMaximum］设定代表每层列印的宽度，在必要时可以强制覆盖［layerWidthRatio］的设定。当［layerWidthRatio］下生成的挤出宽度是介於［layerWidthMinimum］和［layerWidthMaximum］之间时，这些参数的设定将不会產生任何作用。
"layerWidthMinimum" and "layerWidthMaximum" limit the layer width by overriding layerWidthRatio when necessary. As long as layerWidthRatio produces an extrusion width between the value set for layerWidthMinimum and the value set for layerWidthMaximum, these settings will have no effect.

"preCoarseness" / "coarseness"　Millimeters
MakerBot Slicer 在设定中会跑两次简化工作路径的检测。第一次是针对每一切层的外框线，并且检查特定角度［preCoarseness］的设定值，将设定值以下的线段结合在一起。第二次路径的简化是检查喷头挤出路径是否小於［coarseness］设定值，然后将过琐碎的线段结合在一起。
The MakerBot Slicer simplifies toolpaths twice. The first simplifying pass is run on the layer outlines, and combines line segments and changes in angle smaller than the value specified in the preCoarseness setting. The second is run after the slicer has generated the toolpath for your machine, and combines extruder moves smaller than the value specified in the coarseness setting.

"gridSpacingMultiplier"　Decimal, [0.0,1.0].
在顶板与底板的线段在处理实心的部分，需要些微的重叠以生成连续的表面。这个切层重叠的量取决於挤出宽度的设定，以倍数的方式在［gridSpacingMultiplier］值做设定、调整。在过度密实的设定下，系统则会填入空间。
Lines right next to each other in roofs and floors or solid infill need to overlap slightly to form a continuous surface. This slicer determines the amount of overlap by multiplying extrusion width by the value set for gridSpacingMultiplier and spacing the lines of extrusion as if they are smaller than they actually are.

"doExternalSpurs"　True/False.
［ExternalSpurs］指的是物件外部单层的结构物，当外框线段太靠近时，Spurs会以单线的方式来挤出。这个设定值是无效的时候，当物件的切面过薄，系统通常会要求挤出一条薄层，在此时将不会执行。
Spurs are single-walled sections of objects -- places where the outlines are so close together that they take the form of a single line of extrusion. When this is set to false, sections of your object so thin that they require only a single extrusion width will not print at all.

"doInternalSpurs"　True/False.
［InternalSpurs］指的是物件内部单层的结构物，当内框线段太靠近时，Spurs会以单线或是薄壳的方式来挤出。这个设定值是有效的时候，当物件的切面过薄，系统会挤出一条薄层的厚度来填充两个薄层间的缝隙，但是这个选项是实验性的，并不会每次都刻意的执行。
Internal spurs are spurs that appear inside the outlines of your object. Sections of a print that narrow to a point will often result in internal spurs on inner shells. When doInternalSpurs is set to true, segments of single extrusion width will be used to fill the gaps between two shells where possible. This feature is experimental and may not always work as intended.

"minSpurWidth" / "maxSpurWidth"　Millimeters.
Spurs宽度设定介於最大宽度［maxSpurWidth］与最小宽度［minSpurWidth］之间。宽度超过［maxSpurWidth］时系统将会调整挤出的宽度，宽度小於［minSpurWidth］时将会被主动忽略。
Spurs will not be used for sections wider than the maxSpurWidth or more narrow than the minSpurWidth. Sections wider than the maxSpurWidth will accommodate multiple extrusion widths. Sections narrower than the minSpurWidth will not be printed.

"minSpurLength"　Millimeters.
假如线段的长度小於这边的设定值，该线段将会被忽略。
Spur segments will be eliminated from the final toolpath if they are shorter than the value set here.

"spurOverlap"　Millimeters.
这个设定将允许 Spurs 以输入的数值，来作為延伸、衔接的依据。
This setting allows spurs that almost touch to join by extending them by the amount set here.

"minLayerDuration"　Seconds.
这个设定是最小切层列印时间－任何切层时间计算之后凡是小於这个设定值，列印的时间都会拖慢，直到到达这个设定时间长度為止。这样的功能，让小尺寸的切割物件有足够的时间来冷却，这样之后的列印就不会黏附在未凝固的塑胶之上。
This sets the minimum layer time -- any layer that will take less than the time set here to complete will be slowed down until the layer duration is equal to this number of seconds. This gives small layers time to cool, so that the following layers will not be printed on still-melted plastic.

"rapidMoveFeedrateXY" / "rapidMoveFeedrateZ"　Millimeters/second.
［rapidMoveFeedRate］设定是当喷头不运作时的移动速度。这样的移动通常也可称為［travel moves］，通常这个设定的速度可以比喷头运作时更快速。［rapidMoveFeedrateXY］指的是X、Y轴上的移动速度，［rapidMoveFeedrateZ］指的是Z轴上的移动速度。
The rapidMoveFeedRate settings describe moves the extruder makes when it1s not extruding plastic. These movements are known as travel moves, and they can usually be somewhat faster than moves with extrusion. The rapidMoveFeedrateXY setting controls travel moves along the X and Y axes and rapidMoveFeedrateZ controls travel moves along the Z axis.

"doRaft"　True/False.
这个设定将决定筏基（Raft）是否被生成出来。如果设定為＂无效＂，那各种的 Raft 的设定将都会被忽略。
The doRaft setting determines whether or not your toolpath will include a raft. If this is set to false, the various raft-related settings below will be ignored.

"raftLayers"　Integer, [0, infinity].
这设定决定了 Raft 被喷出来的层数，第一层会是最厚实的一层，之后都会是薄层的重叠。
This determines the total number of raft layers that will be printed. The first of these layers will be a thicker base layer2 the rest will be thinner interface layers.
"raftBaseThickness"　Millimeters.
这数值决定了第一层筏基（Raft）的厚度，单位為mm。
This sets the layer height for the base layer of the raft.

"raftInterfaceThickness"　Millimeters.
这个数值决定了筏基除了第一层之后，其他层的厚度，单位為mm。
This sets the layer height for the interface layers of the raft. All raft layers after the base layer are interface layers.

"raftOutset"　Millimeters.
这个参数将设定 Raft 从列印模型往外延伸的距离。
This determines how far the raft extends around the base of your model.

"raftModelSpacing"　Millimeters.
这个设定定义了 Raft 顶部到模型底部间的垂直间距。输入正的数值将產生一个微小的间距，让移除的过程能够更加轻鬆，但也意味著物件的第一个层不会那样的平滑。输入负的数值，物件将会挤入筏基之内，產生一个强壮而坚固的结合状态。
This setting defines the vertical gap between the top of raft and bottom of model. Positive values create a slight gap between the top raft layer and bottom object layer, making the object easier to remove from the raft, but also result in a less smooth first object layer. Negative values squeeze the object into the raft, resulting in a stronger bond between the raft and the object.

"raftDensity"　Decimal, [0.1,1.1].
每个 Raft 的图层都是一个来回曲折的路径。当这个数值设定為 1.0 的时候，结果将会升成一个实心的底面，每一个路径的线段都会紧紧相连著之前的线段；一个较低的数值意味著有更多空隙的路径。这个数值的范围是介於 0 与 1 之间的十进位小数。
Each raft layer forms a zigzag. A raft density of 1.0 will result in a solid raft, with each new segment of the zigzag printed directly alongside the previous one. A lower density will result in wider-spaced zigzags.

"raftAligned"　True/False.
当设定為 True 时，这个设定将会强制所有的 Raft 交错图层都跑同一个方向。当设定為 false 时，这些筏基的线段将会以九十度交错於先前的图层。当列印的层厚过小时，最好设定為 True 以达到一个较佳的品质。
When set to true, raftAligned forces all the raft1s interface layers to run in the same direction. When set to false, the lines of extrusion on each filament layer will be rotated 90 degrees from the previous layer. Prints with small layer heights may work better with aligned rafts.
"doSupport"　True/False.
这个设定将会开啟／关闭＂支撑结构＂的选项。当设定為 false 时，［support-related］设定将会被忽略。
This setting turns support structures on and off. When it is set to false, the support-related settings below will be ignored.

"supportMargin"　Millimeters.
这个设定定义了物件轮廓外框到支撑结构的距离，单位為mm。结构太接近物件将会难以移除，太远离物件将会失去支撑性。
This setting defines the distance, in millimeters, between the outer edge of the object and the support structures. Structures closer to the object may be harder to remove when the build is complete, while structures farther away may provide less support.
"supportDensity"　Decimal, [0.1,1.1].
当数值输入為 1.0 时将会生成一个实心的结构，每个路径都会紧密平行於先前喷出的路径；一个相对低的数值会產生一个较鬆散的排列。
Each support layer forms a zigzag. A support density of 1.0 will result in solid support structures, with each new segment of the zigzag printed directly alongside the previous one. A lower density will result in wider-spaced zigzags.
"bedZOffset"　Millimeters.
机器的［Z-axis offset］设定是储存在机器的［onboard preferences］内。特别输入这个数值的时候，软体将允许你為 profile 数值做指定后的改变。
Your machine1s Z-axis offset is stored in the onboard preferences. bedZOffset allows you to make an alteration to that setting that is specific to a slicing profile.

"layerHeight"　Millimeters.
定义每一层的高度（也就是切片的厚度，单位是mm）
Defines the height of each layer.

"startX" / "startY" / "startZ"　Millimeters.
这些数值定义了［start gcode］资料中，三个轴向的假定（assumed ）起始位置。
These define the assumed starting position on all three axes at the end of the start gcode.

"startGcode" / "endGcode"　String.
［startGcode／endGcode］分属GCode路径中最初与最终的两个区块。如果你打算使用各别的设定，可以在此指定。假如你想要替你的机型（Replicator 2X ／original Replicator）创建一个特殊的GCode档案，你需要延续著本文的指示说明，对这些档案做简易的修改。关於［start.gcode］的定义档存在你的Things资料夹内，在［profiles］资料夹裡面。
This specifies the locations of the start and end GCode files appended to the beginning and end of your toolpath. If you1re using custom start and end GCode, change the locations set here. If you are creating GCode for a Replicator 2X or an original Replicator, you will need to make some simple edits to these files. Follow the instructions in the comments of the start and end GCode files. You can find the start.gcode for any custom profile in your Things folder, under "profiles."

start.gcode 与 end.gcode 档案的存放路径

"doPrintProgress"　True/False.
当参数设定為［True］时，输出的资讯将会包含要显示在机器LCD面板上的相关GCode讯息。
doPrintProgress, when true, output will include GCode commands to display build progress on the bot1s LCD panel.

"doFanCommand"　True/False.
当［doFanCommand］设定為［True］的状态下，系统会在GCode中安插指令列去驱动风扇，让它在列印过程中动态的运转。这个设定是和［fanLayer］指令列有所关联的；当［doFanCommand］设定為［False］的状态下，［fanLayer］的设定将会被忽视。（［active cooling fan］指的是动态侦测温度的风扇，通常低於摄氏60度以下不会主动转动）。
doFanCommand, when true, inserts a GCode command to turn on an active cooling fan during a build. The point at which this command is inserted is determined by the fanLayer setting below. When doFanCommand is set to false, the fanLayer setting will be ignored.

"fanLayer"　Integer.
这个参数主要在［doFanCommand］的设定為［True］的状态下，告知系统从哪一个切面开始驱动冷却的风扇。
fanLayer determines at what layer the slicer inserts the command to turn on the active cooling fan. When doFanCommand is set to false, this setting is not used.

"defaultExtruder"　Integer, [0,1].
预设喷头的选项（整数的 0 或 1）是设定机器预设状态下使用哪个喷头来列印物件。一台双喷头的机器，0 代表的是右喷头，1 代表的是左喷头。至於单喷头的机器，喷头的数值只有 0。
This setting determines which toolhead will be used to build your object. On a machine with dual extruders, 0 is the right toolhead and 1 is the left toolhead. On a machine with a single extruder, the toolhead is 0.

"commentOpen" / "commentClose"　String.
不同的3D printers使用不同的字码来传递GCode。［MakerBot Slicer］预设的设定直已经对该机器做过最佳化！
Different 3D printers use different characters to indicate comments in GCode. The MakerBot Slicer1s default settings are optimized for use with MakerBot 3D printers.

"weightedFanCommand"　Integer, [1, 100].
这个设定允许你去变动喷头冷却风扇的转速。MakerBot 3D printers 用户请不要变动这个设定！
Allows you to set an extruder fan speed. MakerBot 3D printers do not use this setting.

"extruderProfiles"　String.
在这个参数中包含了两个数据群组，分别代表著机器的右喷头组和左喷头组。第一个区段包含的数据群组是［toolhead 0］所象徵的右喷头，第二个区段包含的数据群组是［toolhead 1］所象徵的左喷头，在每个区段都包含著下列的设定：
The two sections enclosed in braces are the extruder profiles for a right and a left extruder. The first brace-enclosed section is the profile for toolhead 0 and the second is the profile for toolhead 1. Each contains the following settings:

"firstLayerExtrusionProfile" / "insetsExtrusionProfile" ／"infillsExtrusionProfile" / "outlinesExtrusionProfile"
这些选项允许你去针对机器不同的区块进行列印上的设定。这四种不同的挤出方式设定差别在［firstLayerExtrusionProfile］是针对物件的第一层、［insetsExtrusionProfile］是针对物件的薄壳做设定、［infillsExtrusionProfile］是针对物件的填充百分比，以及［outlinesExtrusionProfile］是针对物件的外框列印设定，是指一个在物体之外再附加的薄壳。由於这个选项会在列印路径的中线两侧都挤出薄薄的塑料，如此一来，物件实际挤出的大小在 X 与 Y 轴的向度，都会较原先电脑绘製的物件尺寸大上半个塑料挤出（extrusion width）的宽度。因此 Outlines 的选项通常是关闭的。
These settings allow you to specify custom settings for different sections of a print. The four kinds of extrusion differentiated here are the first layer of the object (firstLayerExtrusionProfile), the shells (insetsExtrusionProfile), the infill (infillsExtrusionProfile) and the outline (outlinesExtrusionProfile), which is an extra shell printed on the outline of your object. Since extrusions extend slightly on either side of the centerline they1re printed on, this results in an object half the extrusion width larger on the X and Y axes than the digital model it came from. Outlines are usually turned off.
假如你在列印的时候有开啟［raft］功能，［firstLayerSpeed］将会针对 raft 的底层进行指定的动作。在两个喷头的 profiles 群组裡你会看到相关列印的设定，可以在这裡创建额外的挤出设定档或是编辑现有的这些参数（feedDiameter／feedstockMultiplier....等等）。目前旧版的设定只能控制喷头运作时每秒的移动速度，也就是［feedrate］的部分；更多的控制参数将在之后的新版本补上～
If you are printing with a raft, firstLayerSpeed will be used to set the feedrate for the base layer of the raft. Below the two extruder profiles you1ll see the extrusion profiles. You can create additional extrusion profiles or edit these. Currently these contain only one setting: "feedrate" sets the rate at which the extruder moves while extruding in millimeters per second. Additional settings for the extrusion profiles will be coming soon.


在这个参数中包含了两个数据群组
分别代表著机器的右喷头组（上）和左喷头组（下）

"feedDiameter"　Millimeters.
当使用特别直径的塑料时，就必须设定这一块。假如这个数值太低，你的喷头会挤出过多的塑料，相反如果调过高，喷头的挤出量就会过少。（机器没有额外的SENSOR，所以為了计算出喷嘴的挤出量，会用塑料的截面积／也就是直径去算，送料的速度是固定时，代表著直径越大截面积越大＞挤出的量越多，所以為了达成平衡，软体会根据你输入的塑料直径来反推送料的速度＞塑料直径越小＝送料速度愈快；反之，亦然。）
Specify the diameter of the filament you will be using. If this value is too low, your extruder will extrude too much plastic. If it is too high, your extruder will extrude too little.

"feedstockMultiplier"　Decimal, [0,1].
塑料送进喷头与从喷嘴送出时有一个误差值，［feedstockMultiplier］就是这个补偿值的设定量，数值為介於 0 到 1 的小数。相关的因素包括塑料的密度以及塑料离模时的膨胀（die swelling）。
This number compensates for differences between the volume of plastic going into the extruder and the volume of plastic extruded from the nozzle. Factors may include filament density and die swell.

"nozzleDiameter"　Millimeters.
指定喷头上设置的喷嘴直径，单位是公釐（mm）。
Specify the diameter of the nozzle being used on your extruder.

"retractDistance"　Millimeters.
你的喷头喷完之后会把塑料倒转特定的长度，之后才会进行移动，如此一来可避免渗出物（ooze是分泌物的意思）。
Your extruder will retract the amount of filament specified here before travel moves, in order to prevent ooze.

"retractRate"　Millimeters per second.
这个速率是以每秒跑多少公釐（mm／s）為单位，设定的是喷头对塑料执行倒转（retractions）时的速率。
Sets the rate at with your extruder will pull filament in during retraction.

"restartExtraDistance"　Millimeters.
这个设定让你挤出更多或是更少的塑料，在你的喷头执行塑料的倒转（retractions）之后。输入正的数值将会让更多的塑料被挤出来，做為某些特定的塑料在喷头倒转时会因為滴落而减少的补偿动作，但是通常会產生多餘的堆积。输入负的数值会减少塑料的推出量，这将会避免塑料堆积的状况发生，但也可能会造成塑料供应的间断而產生列印不正确的状况。
This setting allows you to extrude more or less filament when your extruder restarts after retractions. A positive value will push a little bit of extra plastic out -- that1s meant to compensate for any plastic that may have dripped out during retraction, but it might cause small blobs. A negative value will push out a little bit less plastic, which should eliminate blobs completely, but might result in gaps in extrusion or small details not printing correctly.

＜终於翻完了＞

希望这台开源金属3D打印机的设计可以给整个行业带来一些变革